Use Of Torture As A Counter Terrorism Tool Criminology Essay

Use Of Torture As A Counter Terrorism Tool Criminology Essay Torture refers to subjecting intense pain and suffering to a person leading to mental and physical pain so as to obtain certain information that the person is concealing. Therefore, Levinson (p.32) concurs with most scholars that torture is the intentional infliction of pain and suffering to persons usually for a certain purpose. Torture is mainly used as a tool by the United States and other countries to cause a breakdown in the personality of suspects so that they are subdued to give certain information. The most common methods employed during torture include, severe beating, sexual assault, suffocation and electric shock among other methods. Krauthammer in his article states that it was the Bush administration that led to the birth of torture in the United States landscape. According to Krauthammer, no one, not even the executive s allowed to use torture as a tool to obtain information. He further insinuates that the information is nor normally worth the torture. Security agencies should go back to the drawing board and adapt to forensic science techniques. There is need for the police and other security agencies to be empowered through training them on how to obtain information. The UN Convention and Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions prohibit torture (Kinsley, p.1). There have been questions as to whether torture should be banned as a means of compelling persons to give certain information. Torture has had severe consequences that are far reaching from the pain that the victims feel. While we accept that terrorism is a major headache worldwide, it is imperative to consider that nobody is guilty until proven innocent. Moreover, the Human Rights law is strongly against torture as a tool used to coerce suspects to volunteer certain information. Human Rights watchdogs are always against any pain and suffering inflicted intentionally. The United States has always found itself on the receiving end with such draconian laws that have put its image on the spot light. Many people who hear about the torture stories of the survivors or victims often hold a grudge against the government. This is due to the intentional pain and suffering that the suspect is made to undergo. There is an assumption that torture save millions of lives. The major question that makes torture to be at stake is the 50-50 chance. Normally, those who torture suspects assume that they have vital information. What if they do not? The suspects would have already suffered innocently. Krauthammer has put forth certain rules that need to be followed by the United States government. Proponents of torture fear that if the United State government follows these rules to the letter, then it might find itself not torturing anybody at all. We should acknowledge the fact that we are already living with the terrorism problem and are doing nothing on a personal level to reduce terrorism. Do we need the tool of torture to reduce terrorism? The answer here is a loud, NO. Indeed, we do not need any form of torture to reduce terrorism. We can be community police who will be watching our environment on a daily basis to avert terrorism. However, torture should be used as a counter-terrorism tool whenever there is inside information leaked from terror cells regarding an impending terror attack. In this case, torture would enable the suspects who have been nabbed to volunteer certain vital information that may save more lives. In this case, torture is positive as it leads to saving more lives. Therefore, in this case, torture is warranted as a tool to ensure that information is given out by the suspects. Such classified information is usually timely to enable the security agencies to act fast towards averting potential terrorist attacks. The problem comes in when the person being tortured is an innocent person. Most of the times the security forces that inflict torture usually have a fifty-fifty chance that the person being tortured is the actual suspect. In my opinion, torture should not be used as a counter-terrorism tool since it does not acts for the best interest of the general public that live under the constant mercy of terrorists. However, I strongly suggest that the use of torture should be regulated by the international laws. The regulation of torture is key towards ensuring that as much as it is used as a tool, it remains under control so that the suspects are not killed as a result of the infliction of pain and intense suffering. It should be further noted that during the torture process, vital information is normally obtained that is core to fighting terrorism, though with a 50-50 chance of obtaining such information (Kinsley, p.33). Therefore, torture aids in obtaining such information. Critics insinuate that torture has been successfully used as a counter-terrorism tool since it has enabled the police and security agencies to make the suspects to give very important information. As such, torture is worth the task of obtaining such vital information. In addition, the United Nations Convention against Torture prohibits the use of torture as a tool in the fight against terrorism. Torture has been condemned in many states due to the adverse effects that it usually has on its victims. The United States does not support torture at least in theory. There have been various reports and even documentary pointing to the Guantanamo bay prison where it is alleged that prisoners are tortured and even killed. The latest reports indicate that terrorism suspects are usually kept in this prison facility where they are tortured to the end. Research indicates that the information obtained during the process of torture is normally worth the entire process. Most of this information is used by the law enforcement agencies as well as security agencies to form solid evidence and develop on a case. It may also be useful in averting further deaths and property damage in case of a planned or botched terrorism attack. Andrew Sullivan is a strong advocate against torture and describes torture as the exact opposite of freedom. He further states that it is the denial of freedom from humanity and the taking away of selfhood. Andrew Sullivan is therefore against the use of torture as a counter-terrorism tool. Torture has indeed been the tool that most of the security investigation teams use on victims despite the negative image that the punishment comes with. Torture creates a negative picture or image of the police and investigating teams. Hence, this raises the question as to whether the information is worth obtaining in the manner that it is obtained via the use of torture. At times, torture is subjected to the wrong victims or suspects. It is for this reason that I advocate for the government to regulate the use of torture. In my ardent opinion, torture should only be used after investigations are complete and that they point towards a particular person. Otherwise, it would be unfair to subject an innocent person to torture when in fact they know nothing about terrorism. Investigating teams have to be succinct in their work to avoid the occurrence of this kind of errors; otherwise, it would amount to massive infringement of human rights. On the other hand, Krauthammer supports torture as a tool that assists the investigating teams to obtain useful information that indeed help them to unravel certain cases of terrorism. It is obvious that terrorism is not morally right. However, where saving many lives is concerned, torture would indeed be the ultimate solution. Terrorism has been a global problem and continues to be a problem in the wake of several terrorist cells. Recommendations The government should consider using other forms of punishments or methods that would coerce suspects to give certain useful information. However, this again poses a problem as to whether the terrorist suspects will volunteer information. Most of the terrorists usually take an oath that can only be broken through the use of torture. Personality breakdown has been proven to work just right for them. According to Krauthammer (p.2), the United Nations Convention should consider monitoring the submission and administration of torture as a tool that is effective for obtaining information from terrorist suspects. This should be carried out according to the laid out plans. Conclusion The pain and suffering caused by torture are often extreme and traumatizing. In fact, there is possibility that the suspect being tortured does not have the vital information required to fight terrorism and save millions of lives. Torture obviously goes against human rights and infringes on individual rights. It has often been suggested that the torture victims usually have rights just like the other people. Human Rights Watch has been stern in discouraging this form of punishment. I therefore do not support torture.

Used Cooking Oil as Candle

Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component of Candle Abstract The study aims to produce a low-priced, high-quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component. The following candle compositions were used: 100 percent paraffin wax; 90 percent paraffin and 10 percent oil; 80 percent paraffin and 20 percent oil; 70 percent paraffin and 30 percent oil; 60 percent paraffin and 40 percent oil; 50 percent paraffin and 50 percent oil. The firmness, texture, and light intensity of the candles were tested and compared. Results of the tests showed that the candle made from 100 percent paraffin wax had the lowest melting rate, lowest amount of melted candle, and a light intensity of 100 candelas (cd). The 90:10 preparation had the next lowest melting rate and amount of melted candle. The other preparations ranked according to the proportion of used cooking oil in the candle, with the 50:50 preparation performing least comparably with the 100 percent paraffin wax candle. Introduction Today, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as home decor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismals, etc. ), and as scented varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of waxes and oils. Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food outlets, where it is used in different stages of food preparations. Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste oil pollutes and clogs canals and sewerage systems

Autobiographical Writing

Buzz. That's the alarm. I guess it must be 7.30 I reached from my warm quilt to activate the snooze button to grab an extra six minutes kip. Just turning over and getting comfy. Buzz. There it goes again. At this point I've also got my mom shouting up the stairs â€Å"Ian you're going to be late for school if you miss the bus I'm not taking you† I kicked off the covers and dragged myself onto my feet. Half an hour later I was out the door jogging for the bus as it came up the hill. â€Å"Ian put your shoes on before you come to class, Ian take your coat off and sit down, make it look like your staying.† What a way to start the day nag nag nag. First lesson maths, â€Å"Ian take your coat off and sit down, Ian stop talking and pay attention.† The usual crowd in math's just telling my mate about the weekend then all I hear â€Å"Ian get out.† So its 9.40 and here I am outside the door I Know more about this corridor than the cleaners. Oh no here comes the teacher think of a good excuse â€Å"Miss I was asking him the answer to a question.† Ring. Thank God for that. Its break time. Grabbed a can of coke from the machine and straight down the football pitch for a quick fifteen minute kick around before I was back in French and being nagged. Well least I thought I would be back in French in fifteen minutes. The game was in full swing we were playing the year 11. We were all over them I went in for a sly tackle and before you knew it I went down hit the floor, heard a snap, and I was nursing a funny shaped arm that looked like the u-bend of a sink. â€Å"Ian are you alright?† all the lads were shouting to me as I walked up the hill to Mr. Roycroft â€Å"Ian follow me mate I will take you to the office, that looks nasty I think you'll have to go to the hospital.† Before you know it I was in the office with a crowd of spectators outside the door. If I had charged I would of made a fortune! In comes my sister â€Å"Oh my God. Oh my God, Ian are you alright? Does mom know yet?† Lying on the hospital bed with my shoes off everything started to sink in. Now the shock had passed the pain started to kick in I wasn't even aloud pain killers until my parents arrived WHERE ARE THEY! First on the scene dad calm as ever â€Å"Oh dear you've made a mess of that haven't you son what's happening has anyone seen you yet.† So here I am lying in agony in a bed that more than a thousand people have been in with a dad as calm as ever and no doctors coming to sort me out although my arm is hanging off, I am obviously not very important. At least I didn't have to go back to French and it looks like there wont be any school for a while I wonder if they'll miss me? Eventually the doctors arrive like a pack of wolves gathering round me humming and arring talking about me like I was invisible. Ten minutes later they decide I needed to go to theatre to be put back to normal. They gave me some pain killers of some sort, which did the trick because the rest was a blur. â€Å"Ian it's all over now you might feel some discomfort but the worst is over.† â€Å"Ian are you alright do you want me to prop up your pillows.† So in 24 hours I have got my arm in plaster to the shoulder I am lying in the same place as before, and I am in more pain now than when I did it. Next day nothing has changed not been out of bed and now I know these four walls just as well as the corridor outside the math's room. â€Å"Ian I have some good news for you its time to go home and you will have to have six weeks off school.† That was the best news I had heard all year six weeks off school. Well I have had a really good rest without anybody nagging at me how long will that last I wonder? â€Å"Ian your teas ready. Are you listening to me? I hope you have been doing some of your school work. Ian answer me! Didn't last very long I think I am going to change my name to Paul! Autobiographical Writing I still remember my visit to Oostende, a small town in Belgium, with school staff and students in Year 8. We went there to play in a football tournament against teams from all over Europe. To me, this trip is unforgettable because I had such a great time and I felt free from the troubles of school and life in general. Oostende was a pleasant town on the coast of Belgium. Unfortunately, the sea was deemed hazardous so we weren't allowed on the sandy beach. But that didn't seem to affect the holiday. The nightlife was fantastic. The staff that came with us were Mr Fletcher, Mr Fuller and Mr Curry and they let us stay out until midnight. I think they let us stay out late so that they could get drunk! Every night after dinner I would go out and buy chips and coke. I hated the food in the hotel, infact I hated the entire hotel. When I told this to Mr Curry he said, ‘what do you expect for two hundred pounds'? We often went to the arcades and played games. Once we went to play pool in a club and I proved too good for my friends. In the end we got chucked out of the club for being too noisy. The teachers often fined us. We got fined for things like swearing or forgetting something. Thankfully I didn't get fined too much but my friend Andrew got fined the most because he kept on farting! The football tournament was held in a leisure centre and it was held over three days. There were nineteen teams in the tournament and we were drawn in Group A with the stronger teams. We played well and after intense competition, ended the group in third place. This was a remarkable achievement for us as we were expecting to lose hopelessly to every team. I think we did this well because the holiday also allowed the team to bond with each other and great team spirit was created. By finishing in third, we had given ourselves an outside chance of making it to the final. The next day was the playoffs. We had to win four matches to make it into the final. We won the first three matches 3-0, with me getting a hat trick in the second match, and managed to scrape through to the final with a narrow victory over Chiswick United in the final game. We were ecstatic and jubilant about making it to the final but out coaches told us not to get arrogant and boastful. The final kicked off at three o'clock and proved to be a close encounter. The match was like a chess match; every move or pass had to be precise- there was no room for mistakes. Our star striker, Sanjay, had given us the lead thanks to an exquisite volley but a blunder by Sid, our keeper, meant we went to half time with the scores level. The scores stayed the same until the ninetieth minute. I collected a pass from Sanjay and he made a run towards the goal. I played a through ball into his path. The defenders didn't move, as they were appealing for offside but the decision wasn't given. He was onside. My heart was in my mouth. He was on his own with only the goalkeeper to beat. He deceived the keeper by pretending to shoot. All he had to do was to go around him. He did but just as he was about to shoot the keeper brought him down. The referee blew his whistle. He had given us a penalty in the final minute. Sanjay was our regular penalty taker but he got injured when the keeper brought him down. The team gathered near the penalty spot to discuss who should take it. The team was panicking and, as captain, I decided that I was the only person suitable to take the penalty. I was quietly confident of scoring because I enjoyed being in pressure situations. I placed the ball on the spot and stepped backwards measuring my run up. I looked up at the keeper and he snarled at me. He said a few words to put me off. It worked. Suddenly I wasn't so confident anymore. My heart was beating like a drum and my legs felt like jelly. The goal was shrinking every time I looked at it. I tried to pull myself together. I picked a part of the goal to aim for and said a prayer. After putting my head down I started my run up and kicked the ball with the toe of my lucky Nike boots. The ball spent an eternity in the air. ‘Yeesssss' the crowd shouted. The ball went in. The keeper dived the wrong way. I had won the tournament for the team. In a moment of sheer jubilation, I took off my shirt and ran around the pitch. As I reel back the memories in my head I still remember how I felt that Sunday afternoon. It was one of my proudest ever moments but there was an another moment that I was equally as proud of. On the final night of the holiday, the teachers called us to the hotel for a meeting. They told us they had really enjoyed this holiday and were really impressed by the way we had played. Furthermore they said that they used the money they collected for fines to buy trophies for us. There were four trophies to acquire, and I won the player's player award. This was an immense honour for me as I was voted for by my fellow counterparts. I had a really valuable experience on this trip. I got to know people that I didn't really know well and became more responsible for myself. I became more independent and gained maturity as the holiday went on.

Mary Mcleod Bethune Educator and Civil Rights Leader

Valuable Techniques for Fun Essay Topics for High School You Can Use Starting Immediately

Valuable Techniques for Fun Essay Topics for High School You Can Use Starting Immediately The Hidden Treasure of Fun Essay Topics for High School If you're searching for an important topic you'll study throughout your college career, Our guide on how best to pick a major could be especially beneficial if you're an undecided college student. In most instances, students choose issues they can't research. Our students are prepared to tackle the problems facing our world. Many students think that it is a waste of time. Get the Scoop on Fun Essay Topics for High School Before You're Too Late Perhaps, you are going to find just what you need in different categories. Categories, essay topics could possibly be divided into. You should find out more about the topics you're interested in. Such topics are merely deductions in a free but very good style. It is crucial to know the very best topic ideas you must select or formulate. To deliver an excellent persuasive speech, you must select a topic. Goofy topics still need sound reasoning and decent writing. You may believe that finding the very best debate topics is as easy as Googling them. The Foolproof Fun Essay Topics for High School Strategy College is for a high degree of study. Students wish to learn the skills to develop into excellent writers but they also wish to delight in the assignment enough they are driven to work hard through each stage. The students may develop different practices that they will feel comfortable in using. Every student needs to be asked to take a performing arts course. What Everybody Dislikes About Fun Essay Topics for High School and Why The web is now the principal source of influence on children. Choice blogging creates an amazing genius-hour alternative. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends an d family with these kinds of requests. Yes, you can come across interesting topics to debate here and there on the web. There are lots of aspects about a sport which can be argued in an essay. You must have skills to compose a very good essay. Once you get your completed essay, make sure that you tell all your friends what a wonderful service it is and what's the perfect place to purchase cheap essays. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Essay writing has ever been a component of the majority of university and college curriculum. When it has to do with the middle school, the argumentative essay consists of moderate topics. In reality, plenty of argumentative essays are in fact persuasive papers. It is all about arguing and debating on a topic, which is debatable. The Battle Over Fun Essay Topics for High School and How to Win It The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. If reading an example you've got a wish to discover more about the objects' comparison, then its author has done a suitable job. The reader ought to take the author's side by the close of the reading. Schools should eliminate class projects as they are useless. They should not be allowed to track students by academic level. Students should have the ability to leave school for lunch. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. Allow the professional academic writers he lp to your informative paper! Whenever the following writers begin, make them know that they need to bring the stories to a conclusion. At length, if you are supposed to write and essay but have very little knowledge or interest in the topic, don't forget there are lots of custom essay writers which will gladly do the task for you. Writing an excellent essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. A conclusion is, undoubtedly, the most significant portion of the argumentative essay since you can either support the fantastic impression or destroy it entirely. Another good idea is to receive some completely free essay examples of different sorts and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a thriving debatable paper looks. Be quick to satisfy our English research paper topics for high school so you'll finish your paper in time. An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. Fun Essay Topics for High School at a Glance Social networking comments should be guarded by free speech. High school is the ideal time to practice delivering a persuasive speech, and therefore don't miss the chance to learn to deliver a persuasive speech. Besides, the dearth of suitable grammar makes the listeners get rid of respect to the speaker. Our students are prepared to exercise their collective voices and make calls to action. School should occur in the evenings. Sc hool uniforms should be deemed necessary. Parents ought to be permitted to pick their child's gender. They should talk to kids about drugs at a young age.

Essay on Societys Fear of Genetic Engineering - 2198 Words

Societys Fear of Genetic Engineering Works Cited Not Included Anti-technologists and political extremists misinform, and over exaggerate statements that genetic engineering is not part of the natural order of things. The moral question of genetic engineering can be answered by studying human evolution and the idea of survival of the fittest. The question of safety can be answered by looking at the current precautions of the industry. The concept that society needs to understand is that with the right amount of time and money genetic engineering will help reduce disease and save countless lives. Many people do not realize that genetic engineering plays a role in many lives through out the world. Genetic engineering†¦show more content†¦The reason for this is because a vaccine is a solution that contains a dead or weakened virus that has been synthetically prepared. Further work on a HIV vaccine could save many lives and possibly eliminate the disease. This biotechnology makes it possible for more people to live the lives that would not have been available without genetic engineering. Plants are also being genetically engineered. This type of genetic engineering is more commonly accepted, but why? It is no different for a plant to be able to fight off pests then it is for a human to be able to fight off diseases. This is a contradiction, because society is saying that it is all right for a plant to be genetically engineered but not a human. This new technology of genetic engineering dates back to the 1950?s. IN 1951 three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson, were credited with the discovery of DNA. Later they were presented the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962. (Lewin 1) DNA is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid and it carries a living organisms genetic code. The discovery of DNA was the very beginning of genetic engineering. Today the science of biotechnology has evolved to a much higher level, but is still many steps away from completely correcting damaged or diseased genes. The reason is partly to blame on the ignorance of society, because it believesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Bioethical Issues in Gattaca Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesof genetic engineering technology in humans to create a more perfect society; this is, essentially, a new method of Eugenics. Another related issue seen in the movie is that of pre-natal selection. Through the use of the same or similar technologies, parents are able to choose the characteristics with which their children will be born. The controversy of these issues stems from the immense potential in genetic sciences for both positive use and harmful misuse. Though the questions and fears ofRead MoreEssay about Silver’s Remaking Eden and the Silver Screen1193 Words   |  5 Pagescentral questions: Who controls life? What counts as life? And what will human life look like in the future? The question Silver does not ask is whether or not human life as we now know and define it will change. Silver sees the advance of genetic engineering as inevitable, due to consumer demand for it as a technology and the unrelenting curiosity of scientists. Power resides in science, according to Silver, and that power is â€Å"enormous.† In the closing chapter to Remaking Eden, entitled â€Å"Tomorrow’sRead MoreGenetic Engineering Exposition998 Words   |  4 PagesYear 12 English Studies: Expository Writing Argue the case for or against cloning and genetic engineering. Advances in technology today have opened the window of opportunities towards curing the ill and abolishing future genetic disadvantages of the next generations. The possibilities of aiding all of civilization has just been given petrol for the car but some sceptics still want to let the air out of the tyres. 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However, there comes a point in time when moral standards have interjected the betterment of cleansing genetic diseases. One of the many branches of science that has the complete capability to exterminate our destiny of any genetic diseases, gene therapy, is being silenced due to the curse of society’s moral standards. There is a very narrow line in what is not morallyRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Making a Gamble Less Risky1290 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic Engineering: Making a Gamble Less Risky At first recognition, the concept of genetic engineering and â€Å"designer babies† seems like a process that could only be possible in futuristic, science-fiction films; however, it is an idea that has become more and more of a prominent issue since it was introduced to the human public. Choosing an embryo’s genetic makeup is a practice that allows potential parents to hold a large amount of power in the life of their child. But should that power be limitedRead MoreDystopian Comparisons Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagessociety. The society manipulates and controls the main character(s) by giving them handicaps instilling fear in taking them to go against their ways an example of this is when George says â€Å"Two years in prison plus a two thousand dollar fine for every ball I took out, I don’t think that’s a fair bargain†(HB). This demonstrates how the society not only controls their life but also instills fear into the individuals living in th e society. They do this by giving out harsh punishment for the crimesRead MoreButler ´s Characterization Shori1105 Words   |  5 Pagesfeel so good when it should be disgusting and painful?† (Butler 75) These words spoken by Theodora, an elderly white woman, about her symbiotic and sometimes sexual relationship with Shori, a black â€Å"elfin little girl† (Butler 75), express a societal fear that Octavia Butler exposes in her characterization of Shori as a monster. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen asserts in his â€Å"Seven Thesis of Monster Culture† that monsters† reevaluate our cultural assumptions about race, gender, and sexuality our perception ofRead MoreOctavia E. Butler’s Novel, Fledgling: Societal Fear of Shori805 Words   |  4 Pagesfeel so good when it should be disgusting and painful?† (Butler 75) These words spoken by Theodora, an elderly white woman, about her symbiotic and sometimes sexual relationship with Shori, a black â€Å"elfin little girl† (Butler 75), express the societal fear that Octavia Butler exposes in her characterization of Shori as a monster. Shori is a monster because her very existence is a testament to the blurring of historically concrete lines. She is androgynous, vampire and human, black and white, a childRead MoreSocial Reality And Its Effect On The Body Of Water Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagespeople from achieving what others can solely on the basis of genetic data. The only question is if genetic perfection is economically advantageous and allows better living conditions for certain offspring, why does society feel the right to put down the people who were not genetically selected? Yes, designer babies do have superior traits and are absent of all major diseases, but it still does not make sense that people without genetic perfection are considered to be pushed down to the lowest level

Strategic Issues Faced By BHP Billiton-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the various Strategic Issues faced by BHP Billiton in the last few years. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is one of the leading multinational companies dealing with the resource industry. The main area of functionality for the company is petroleum, metal and mining. The company is headquartered at Melbourne (Bhpbilliton.com, 2017). This is a report, which depicts the various strategic issues faced by the organization in the last few years, and strategic options that the company can avail to mitigate the problems face. The company faced a crisis at the final quarter in the fiscal year of 2015 because of the Samarco dam failure (Bhpbilliton.com, 2017). The community down streams was affected by the mining dumps, which was released due to the failure of the dam. The mining and the processing operations in Samarco were suspended due to the dam failure (Yeomans, 2017). The operation had remained closed and there is a significant uncertainty in the resumption of the operation. There are lawsuits, which have been filed against the company by various nonprofit organizations, governm ent entities and individuals and the claims made them will affect the financial condition of the company in the fiscal year of 2016 (Macalister, 2017). The remaining dump has to be contained and so the company is improving the structure of the dam. The other issues include the fluctuations in the commodity prices and uncertainty in the management and identification of the new and the existing resources. Strategic issues The company is facing issues due to the various governments polices, rules, and regulations. The company having an economic crunch due to the Samarco dam failure and the expenses the company has to pay for reconstruction and reimbursement to the affected individual and organization (Bhpbilliton.com, 2017). The environmental factors, which include the change in the climatic conditions and global warming, pose an uncertainty for the organization. The development of new technology is necessary for competitive supremacy as the company is facing stiff competition from developing countries rich in mineral resources. The company is under many restrictions due their recent history of mishaps for example like the Act of Rail Safety, which is decreasing the operational efficiency of the company (Bhpbilliton.com, 2017). These rules have enhanced the standards for traffic management and made it compulsory to suspend all non-essential works at night. The company does not have enough well trained human resources, which is hampering the overall development in the company. The sector, which is being hampered the most, is mining because of the shortage in the availability of the skilled workers (Beddie et al., 2014). The communication system of the company is not up to the mark and it can prove to be detrimental in the future growth of the company. The above-mentioned problems are the strategic issues faced by BHP Billiton in the present situation. However, out of all these issues the most important ones include the land restriction the company is facing due to the incidents that have occurred during the past few years (Macalister, 2017). The company is losing its operational efficiency due to this factor and this will give away the competitive advantage of the company. The company is also facing problems from the minimal amount of skilled workers working in the organization. The company had to undergo many mishaps, this has caused the company to lose a lot of money (Abc.net.au, 2017), and the companys reputation has been affected due to the lawsuits filed by various individuals and nonprofit organizations (Bhpbilliton.com, 2017). The reports say that the mishap in Samarco is due to the negligence and lack of monitoring of the workers (Thomson, 2017). The company had plenty of mishaps in the last few years and this indicates th at it can only happen due to the appointment of unskilled labors and their negligence. The company will be heavily affected if these accidents keep on occurring and it will destroy the reputation and goodwill, the company has acquired in the past years of its operations. The company is being monitored by all the government organizations due to the incidents and so the operational efficiency of the organization will keep decreasing if appropriate measures are not being taken. The company can sustain only if the operational efficiency is maintained and so BHP Billiton will have to take measures in order to avoid the previous circumstances faced by the company. Thus it can be deduced that the lack of skilled employees and the safety precautions in the operations are the most important factors which has to be included in the prime problems faced by the company in the previous few years Strategy options Strategic issue How to improve the safety and the health of the operations of the organization Strategic option The safety and the health of the employees should be the top priority of the company. The type of the working environment of the organization should be free from any kind of occupational illness regardless of the type of work they undertake (News.sky.com, 2017). The identification and management of the material and fatal risk is one of the critical approaches the company has to take. The company has an initiative, which believes in zero work fatalities, but in spite of that, there have been casualties so measures have to be taken to improve this policy. Methods The company will have to host safety interventions. These safety initiatives should include workshops, surveys and team talks. The company will have to identify programs, processes, key controls, systems and the tools that require improvements. The solution to these factors will have to be adopted in all the subsidiaries and branches (Ethiraj, Gambardella, Helfat, 2017). RACES framework Resources The company has made profits in this fiscal year and it has been maximized with the help of policies in the capital management (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2012). The company has enough capital resources, which will enable the company to start initiative programs in the field of safety. The company can also include the health awareness programs, which will enhance the sustainability Acceptable This investment plans may add extra burden to the company but by analyzing the overall scenario of the market the company will have to put this plan into action unless they will lose their competitive advantage in the market. Thus, it can be stated that the suggested strategy is acceptable. Coherent This plan of action is feasible considering the amount of compensation the company will have to pay for the mishaps. The strategy is coherent with the plans of the company, as the company has already taken initiatives in this field (Sakas, Vlachos Nasiopoulos, 2014). However, in the scenario the matter will have to be given utmost priority. Effective The suggested strategy is effective in the end, as it will help to regain the lost reputation of the company and increase the operational productivity and income Sustainable This strategy will definitely help in the sustainability of the company and is in alignment with the present course of the company. Strategic issue Incorporation of skilled workers is required to avoid mishaps and increase productivity of the organization. Strategic option The company should hire skilled labors having previous experience in the field of the natural resources. The ability of the workers should be assessed before hiring them into the organization. However, if the workers have no prior experience in the given genre of work they should be properly trained and then send to the site for working. The work associated with mining, extraction requires vigorous labor, and so the physical conditions of the workers should be examined beforehand so that hazardous incident can be avoided (Bhpbilliton.com, 2017). Methods The company should start training initiatives, which should include proper handling of equipments and the safety measures that has to be followed. The company should provide on the job training, which will offer them with a better understanding of the work they have been assigned. The company should also create simulation programs and safety drills, which will provide them with a better experience of the live situation and how they can avoid any kind of fatalities at the time of crisis. This will also enable them to identify a crisis in the initial stage and eventually stop a mishap from occurring. RACES framework Resources The company can hire labors from the local communities where the mines and the plants are situated. The local labor available will be cheaper and will easily adapt to the surrounding conditions. The company can import experienced workers who will monitor and guide the inexperienced workers. Acceptable The mishaps are a result of negligence and absence of skilled workers. The strategy is very acceptable as the company is incurring financial losses due to the mishaps in the past few years. The company will have to put an end such hazardous incidents and that is why they will have to approve this strategy. Coherent The strategy is coherent with the companys plan of action as the employees are the main assets and maintaining a quality and skilled sets of workers will help the company in the long run (Madsen, Walker, 2015). Effective The strategy is effective, as increase in skilled workers will increment the operational productivity of the company. Moreover, the increment in skilled workers will decrease the chances of unfortunate incidents in the organization. Sustainable The company will have to follow this plan of action if they want to remain sustainable in the market. The companys operational activities have already been minimized due to various incidents. Thus, the areas of investment, which is providing the maximum return, will have to enhance in order to compensate the incurred losses. Best strategy option The above-mentioned strategic options are both interlinked and so both will have to be executed in order to the reach the desired goal of the company. The options mentioned can be merged in such a way that the operational cost will be reduced and the operational revenue will be increased (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The company can conduct joint workshops, which will provide information regarding the safety precaution, which will have to be taken while working in the mines and the dams. The existing workers will have to be reminded about the fatalities than can occur during the work and the new recruits will gain knowledge about the dos and donts in their respective field of work. Moreover, the experienced workers will share their insights about their respective areas of expertise, which will help the relatively new and the new employees to align their work accordingly (Eden Ackermann, 2013). The company will have to conduct surveys, which will help them identify the various othe r ways to mitigate the risk of fatality and safety measures taken by other competitive rivals. The company will have to start simulators and conduct safety drills, which will improve the coordination between the workers during the time of crisis. The simulators should be installed in such a way that both the engineers and workers from other areas of functionality can use it (Rothaermel, 2015). The safety drills should be based on live situations, which the employees will have to go through on a daily basis. The emergency safety drills will have to be conducted on a regular basis so that the employees can avert any hazardous situation with the help of their acquired training. The new workers who have not faced any crisis will have a practice ground where they can try out new ideas of avoiding the catastrophe (David David, 2016). There is a basic procedure for following the safety drills but not all the scenarios can be simulated so continuous drills will improve their presence of mind and help avoid disastrous situations. The company has to face a lot of allegations in the past years and they have incurred losses due the emergence of frequent mishaps. The mishaps indicate the lack of skilled workers in the respective mining fields and so recruitment of fresh skilled labors is important for the sustainability of the company. The company should provide training regarding the use of the equipments and the older equipments should be changed. The technological advancements have caused the emergence of new equipments and handling of those equipments with proper training could prove to be hazardous. The company cannot fulfill the entire operational requirement by recruiting fresh local workers from the respective neighboring areas and some skilled workers will have to be imported from various places so that the productivity can be maintained (Bhpbilliton.com. 2017). The health of the organization depends on the health of the employees and so workshops should be conducted for the employees. The employees should be thoroughly checked so that the fatalities can be avoided and the new recruits should be thoroughly checked so that to make sure that they are fit to work in the given working environment. The regular checkups of the employees will ensure their fitness and capabilities of working in a stressed environment. The new recruits after receiving the training in the workshops and simulators should go through a period of on job training. The recruits may have the theoretical knowledge about the working scenario but unless and until they experience it on their own, they will never gain the practical knowledge and experience of working in a real scenario (Kor, Mesko, 2013). The on job training will help the recruits to grow and understand the difference between the simulation and the real life scenario. The on job training will help the new recruits to get accustomed to the daily challenges and the situations they will have to face (Joyce, Bryson Holzer, 2014). The above-discussed strategies are the options that the company should implement for improving the operational productivity and there are no such strategic options, which should be rejected. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the two main potential strategies, which the company needs to implement, are improvement in the safety and the health of the operations and recruitment of skilled workers to improve the operational efficiency. The reputation of BHP Billiton has been hampered due to the various mishaps in the past few years. The two examples of that being the Samarco dam failure and the fatality in the iron ore operations in Western Australia. There are several other instances where there has been a fatality so the company will have to take drastic measures if they want to remain sustainable. The company being one of the global leaders in mining and metal industry is losing their competitive advantage in the market. The above-mentioned are feasible and the company has maintained a balanced capital structure, which will enable it to add these programs in to the current curriculum. However, the company will face some issues in incorporating these changes in the organizatio n and transition will take some time. However, the issues faced can tactfully as it is in alignment with the future goals set by the company. Reference Abc.net.au. (2017).BHP-owned Samarco agrees to pay Brazil Government $3.2 billion for dam collapse.ABC News. Retrieved 13 June 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-03/samarco-agrees-to-pay-brazil-government-for-dam-collapse/7216164 Beddie, F., Creaser, M., Hargreaves, J., Ong, A. (2014).Readiness to meet demand for skills: a study of five growth industries. National Centre for Vocational Education Research. Bhpbilliton.com., (2017).BHP Billiton | BHP Billiton outlines strategy to grow value.BHP Billiton. 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